Mark juergensmeyer globalization pdf free download

The first of these agendas is located within the emergent inter-disciplinary field of transnational studies. Transnational studies emerged gradually since the s in connection to the study of post-World War II new immigrants or trans-migrants who moved from Third World and developing countries into developed First World nations for an overview, see Levitt and Khagram New immigrants no longer assimilated into the cultures of the host countries but rather openly maintained complex links to their homelands, thereby constructing, reproducing and preserving their transnational ties.

International migration has provided the means to theorize the relationship between people and religion in a transnational context Casanova ; Ebaugh and Chafetz ; van der Veer ; Hagan and Ebaugh ; Levitt , Although the book focuses on the US, the impact of this research agenda extends into the situation of other advanced industrialized countries — such as Canada, Australia and the UK. Concomitant with the movements of peoples, the migration of faiths across the globe has been a major feature of the world throughout the twentieth century.

Transnational religion emerged through the post- World War II spread of several religions — of which perhaps the most prominent example is the explosion of Protestantism in the hitherto solidly Catholic Latin America. The extensive and widely publicized debates over the public presence of Islam in Europe are but the most visible manifestation of this process see Bjorgo ; Raudvere, Stala, and Willert To the extent that the very label of transnational religion is a means of describing solutions to newfound situations that people face as a result of migration, it comes as two quite distinct blends of religious universalism and local particularism.

First, it is possible for religious universalism to gain the upper hand, whereby religion becomes the central reference for immigrant communities. In cases in which immigrants share the same vernacular or are members of a church with a centralized administration such as the Catholic Church , the propensity for such a pattern inevitably increases.

Migrants participate in religious multi-ethnic networks that connect them to their co-religionists locally and globally. Second, it is possible for local ethnic or national particularism to gain or maintain the most important place for local immigrant communities.

The above distinction obviously represents two ends of a continuum of a variety of combinations observed among transnational or immigrant or diasporic groups see McLoughlin For example, diasporas might adopt cultural habits derived from the host country.

Transnational religion also has been used to describe cases of institutional transnationalism, whereby communities living outside the national territory of particular states maintain religious attachments to their home churches or institutions.

For example, that is primarily the case of those groups who have operated as minority groups or national minorities of neighboring nations in Southeastern or Eastern Europe. Most often, such groups did not cross borders to become transnational; the borders changed around them, with new nation- states emerging in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Most importantly, the post disintegration of the communist bloc and the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the overnight constitution of a Russian Orthodox transnational community of close to 30 million people residing outside the borders of the Russian federation Cava ; Curanovic ; Matsuzato In several instances Ukraine in and Moldova, Latvia and Estonia in the Russian Orthodox Church granted autonomy to its local branches.

Henceforth, these churches became independent from Moscow as far as their internal affairs and daily lives. In contrast, in Belarus and Kazakhstan the Church performed a rather formal change of administrative status and maintained strong ties with Moscow.

Finally, in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Lithuania and the post-Soviet states of Central Asia — in which Orthodox Christianity is a minority faith — the status quo remained unaltered. This administrative restructuring represents a major feature of the post-Soviet era and is most often what is meant when the notion of transnationalism is invoked with reference to the post-Soviet religious landscape.

Concern with public expressions of religiosity also brings forth the relationship between religion and culture Besecke In a more promising and innovative line of inquiry, Campbell has suggested that during the post-World War II era the disenchanted West has been re-enchanted through imports from the East. Instead of attributing fixed essences to cultural units, then, it is possible to concentrate on the various processes is referred to as indigenization, hybridization or glocalization Pieterse ; Burke ; for specific examples see Altglas These processes register the ability of religion to mold into the fabric of different communities in ways that connect it intimately with communal and local relations.

Religion sheds its universal uniformity in favor of blending with locality. Groups and individuals use this religious tradition symbolically as emblematic of membership in an ethnic or national group.

Both institutional avenues and private means are employed in this symbolic appropriation, and these are usually interwoven into a web of other associations and relationships. Locality can be constructed transnationally or symbolically alongside its traditional connection to a specific place Kennedy and Roudometof These processes involve the construction of cultural hybrids that blend religious universalism with several forms of local national or ethnic particularisms.

Glocal religion involves the consideration of an entire range of responses as outcomes instead of a single master narrative of secularization and modernization Beyer Based on a survey of the history of Christianity, Roudometof , Forthcoming argues that it is possible to detect four concrete forms of glocalization: indigenization, vernacularization, nationalization and transnationalization.

Vernacularization involved the rise of vernacular languages such as Greek or Latin or Arabic in the case of Islam endowed with the symbolic ability of offering privileged access to the sacred, whereas indigenization connected specific faiths with ethnic groups, whereby religion and culture were often fused into a single unit. Vernacularization was often promoted by empires, whereas indigenization was connected to the survival of particular ethnic groups.

It is important to stress that this is not an exclusively contemporary phenomenon. The creation of distinct branches of Christianity — such as Orthodox and Catholic Christianity — bears the mark of this particularization of religious universalism. Nationalization connected the consolidation of specific nations with particular confessions and has been a popular strategy both in Western and Eastern Europe Hastings ; Gorski ; Roudometof The ability of such an interpretation to capture the engagements of non-Christian world religions with local cultures remains an unexplored facet of this line of research.

Conclusions This chapter has sought to map some key developments in the relationship between the study of religion and globalization, while at the same time it also offered both a brief primer of traditional key themes in the sociology of religion and a critique of the traditional secularization paradigm. This is consistent both with the rationale of this chapter and the broader problematic of this volume. In its opening section, the chapter stressed the discontinuity between research agendas that focus on secularization and globalization, respectively.

Traditionally, secularization has provided the main focus for social-scientific research on religion. This has contributed to a Western bias in the field. That is, Western cultural specificity has been naturalized — it has been taken as a given — whereas deviations or divergences from the Western developmental model of social change has been conventionally attributed to cultural factors.

It is against these disciplinary tendencies that the emergence of globalization as a research topic registers the de-centering of secularization and modernization perspectives. The chapter has highlighted the extent to which some of these contributions have had broader appeal beyond the field of religion and into the broader social-scientific community of researchers interested in the topic of globalization.

Broadly speaking, research agendas have focused both on the spread of religious traditions into new territories as well as on new developments within existing religions spearheaded by globalization. Obviously, no comprehensive account of all individual articles and studies can be made within the existing space restrictions. Still, the chapter has specifically referred to key contributions in the field and has stressed the degree to which historically oriented and cross-cultural scholarship on the relationship between religion and globalization represents an important area of current research.

Such work allows the field to transcend its traditional roots in the study of Christianity and in Western modernization and to grow by attempting to engage diverse historical eras and cultural contexts. Finally, the chapter has addressed two new frontiers of social research on the relationship between religion and globalization.

The first of these is the intersection between transnational studies and the study of religion. Originally based on the realization of the significance of religious ties for new transnational immigrants, this area of inquiry is in the process of becoming a major part of current research. It operates by connecting developments across regions — as inquiries into these connections illuminate the complex nature of the relationships between South and North and East and West.

The second frontier concerns the renewed interest in the relationship between culture and religion. This is a multifaceted and still-developing area of inquiry that can be integrated into diverse disciplines and subfields.

Religious transnational and cross- cultural connections become increasingly a feature of everyday life in the twenty-first century, and that almost guarantees that their study is going to continue to attract the attention of new generations of researchers and scholars.

These suggest the rise of scholarly awareness about these issues and sincere efforts to overcome past shortcomings. In several instances Moldova, Estonia, Ukraine ecclesiastical disputes resulted as a result of the clash between rival ecclesiastical nationalism for an overview, see Payne Agadjanian, Alexander and Victor Roudometof. Roudometof, A. Appadurai, Arjun. London: Routledge. Altglas, Veronique, ed. Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. La Globalisation du Religieux.

Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society. London: Sage. What is Globalization? London: Polity. Beckford, James. Social Theory and Religion.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Berger, Peter. Religious America, Secular Europe? A Theme and Variations. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Berger, Peter and Samuel P. Huntington, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Besecke, Kelly. Beyer, Peter. Religion and Globalization. Religions in Global Society.

Beckford and N. Demerath, III. Beyer, Peter and Lori Beaman, eds. Religion, Globalization and Culture. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. Bjorgo, Tore. Modood and P. London: Zed Books.

Bruce, Steve. Secularization: In Defense of an Unfashionable Theory. Burke, Peter. Cultural Hybridity. Rethinking Secularism. Campbell, George Van Pelt. Beyer and L.

Casanova, Jose. Public Religions in the Modern World. Sociology of Religion 62 4 — Cava, Ralph Della. Chakrabarty, D. Cultural Studies 6 3 — Christiano, Kevin. Crawford, Robert. What is Religion? Introducing the Study of Religion. The work brings together the many facets of global studies into a solid reference tool and will help those developing and articulating an ideological perspective. It covers both transnational topics and intellectual approaches to the study of global themes, including the globalization of economies and technologies; the diaspora of cultures and dispersion of peoples; the transnational aspects of social and political change; the global impact of environmental, technological, and health changes; and the organizations and issues related to global civil society.

Offering unrivalled breadth and depth, it covers all the key dimensions of the topic, including broad introductions to international politics and economics, and focused surveys of topics from human rights and migration to conflict and the environment.

John McCormick's lucid writing style renders complex information understandable to all students. Full-colour photographs, maps, tables and figures bring the subject to life and innovative pedagogical features emphasize the importance of understanding perspectives and experiences different from one's own worldview.

Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, this textbook is ideal for undergraduate students worldwide who are taking introductory modules in global and international studies. The text can also be used by undergraduate students taking courses on globalization. Smallman and Kimberley Brown's popular introductory textbook for undergraduates in international and global studies is now released in a substantially revised and updated third edition.

Ecumenical Movement : World Council of Churches. Notably, the Roman Catholic Church is not a member, although it sends accredited observers to meetings. Their shared vision was "a new thing in church history, a definite organization for the expression of unity amongst Christian individuals belonging to different churches.

As of , the WEA is experiencing a collegiate management under the leadership of its Canadian leader, Geoff Tunnicliffe. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Globalization of Religion. Uploaded by Niccolo G. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next.

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